The Composite International Diagnostic Interview – Short Form (CIDI-SF)

(Major Depressive Episode)

Description: Diagnostic screening assessment to identify if respondent meets DSM criteria for a major depressive episode

Number of Items: 23

Item Question Wording TILDA Variable
1 During the last 12 months, was there ever a time when you felt sad, blue, or depressed for two weeks or more in a row? mh101
2 During that period, did the feelings of being sad, blue, or depressed usually last all day long, most of the day, about half the day, or less than half the day? mh102
3 During those two weeks, did you feel this way every day, almost every day, or less often than that? mh103
4 During those two weeks did you lose interest in most things like hobbies, work or activities that usually give you pleasure? mh104
5 During those two weeks did you feel more tired out or low on energy than is usual for you? mh105
6 During these weeks did you gain or lose weight without trying, or did you stay about the same? mh106
7 Did your weight change by more than 5 kg (11 lbs)? mh108
8 Did you have more trouble falling asleep than you usually do during those two weeks? mh109
9 Did this happen every night, nearly every night, or less often during those two weeks? mh110
10 During those two weeks, did you have a lot more trouble concentrating than usual? mh111
11 During that two-week period, did you feel down on yourself, no good, or worthless? mh112
12 Did you think a lot about death – either your own, someone else's, or death in general during those two weeks? mh113
13 During the past 12 months was there ever a time lasting two weeks or more when you lost interest in most things like hobbies, work or activities that usually give you pleasure? mh120
14 During that period, did the loss of interest usually last all day long, most of the day, about half the day, or less than half the day? mh121
15 Did you feel this way every day, almost every day, or less often than that? mh122
16 During those two weeks, did you feel more tired out or low on energy than usual? mh123
17 During these weeks did you gain or lose weight without trying, or did you stay about the same? mh124
18 Did your weight change by more than 5 kg (11 lbs)? mh126
19 Did you have more trouble falling asleep than usual during those two weeks? mh127
20 Did this happen every night, nearly every night, or less often? mh128
21 During those two weeks, did you have a lot more trouble concentrating than usual? mh129
22 During that two-week period, did you feel down on yourself, no good, or worthless? mh130
23 Did you think a lot about death – either your own, someone else's, or death in general during those two weeks? mh131

Scoring Method:

  • Respondents are classified as having had a major depressive episode in the last 12 months if they meet either the depressed mood pathway or the loss of interest/anhedonia pathway.

Depressed mood pathway:

  • Respondents must endorse all three stem criteria:

    • Felt sad, blue, or depressed for two weeks or more

    • Symptoms lasted all day or most of the day

    • Symptoms occurred every day or almost every day

  • They must also report at least three additional symptoms from:

    • Loss of interest

    • Fatigue or low energy

    • Significant weight change

    • Sleep disturbance nearly every night

    • Concentration difficulties

    • Feelings of worthlessness

    • Thoughts about death

Anhedonia pathway:

  • Respondents who do not meet the depressed mood pathway are assessed for loss of interest. They must endorse:

    • Loss of interest for two weeks or more

    • Loss of interest lasting all day or most of the day

    • Loss of interest occurring every day or almost every day

  • They must also report at least three additional symptoms from:

    • Fatigue or low energy

    • Significant weight change

    • Sleep disturbance nearly every night

    • Concentration difficulties

    • Feelings of worthlessness

    • Thoughts about death

  • The final variable is coded:

    • 0 = No major depressive episode

    • 1 = Meets criteria for major depressive episode in the last 12 months

Citation:

  • Kessler, R.C., Andrews, G., Mroczek, D., Üstün, T.B., & Wittchen, H-U. (1998). The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form (CIDI-SF). International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 7, 171-185.

Example TILDA Papers:

  • Briggs, R., Kennelly, S.P. and Kenny, R.A. (2015). Does baseline hypotension predict incident depression in a cohort of community-dwelling older people? Data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Age and Ageing, 46(4): 648–653.

Code

egen mdd_a_1new = anycount (mh101 mh102 mh103), values (1,2)
recode mdd_a_1new (1/2=0) (3=1)
label variable mdd_a_1new "endorses 1st set of stem questions"

egen mdd_a_2new = anycount (mh120 mh121 mh122), values (1,2)
recode mdd_a_2new (1/2=0) (3=1)
recode mdd_a_2new 1=0 if mdd_a_1new==1
label variable mdd_a_2new "endorses 2nd set of stem questions"

egen mdd_symptom_count_new = anycount (mh104 mh105 mh108 mh110 mh111 mh112 mh113), values (1,2)
recode mdd_symptom_count_new 5=0 if mh103==98
label variable mdd_symptom_count_new "number of additional symptoms from first set"

egen mdd_symptom_count_2new = anycount (mdd_a_2new mh123 mh126 mh128 mh129 mh130 mh131), values (1,2)
label variable mdd_symptom_count_2new "number of additional symptoms from second set"

gen mdd_diagnosis1= (mdd_a_1new) & (mdd_symptom_count_new>=3)
label variable mdd_diagnosis1 "fulfills first set of criteria for diagnosis of MD episode"

gen mdd_diagnosis2= (mdd_a_2new) & (mdd_symptom_count_2new>=3)
label variable mdd_diagnosis2 "fulfills second set of criteria for diagnosis of MD episode"


gen MHcidi_depression = (mdd_diagnosis1|mdd_diagnosis2)
replace MHcidi_depression =. if (mh101==-1|mh101>=98|mh102>=98|mh103>=98)&(mh120==-1|mh120>=98|mh121>=98|mh122>=98)
label variable MHcidi_depression "Fulfills criteria for a major depressive episode in the last 12 months"

label def MHcidi_depression 0 "No" 1 "Yes"
label val MHcidi_depression MHcidi_depression

drop mdd_a_1new mdd_a_2new mdd_symptom_count_new mdd_symptom_count_2new mdd_diagnosis1 mdd_diagnosis2

notes MHcidi_depression: Major depressive episode in the last 12 months
notes MHcidi_depression: Individuals who answer DK/RF to the early symptoms in the scale are routed past the additional ///
questions required to fulfill criteria for a major depressive episode in last 12 months and are subsequently coded as missing.

Download Stata .do file

count_values_12 <- function(vars) {
  rowSums(sapply(vars, function(v) data[[v]] %in% c(1, 2)), na.rm = TRUE)
}

data$mdd_a_1new <- count_values_12(c("mh101","mh102","mh103"))
data$mdd_a_1new[data$mdd_a_1new %in% c(1,2)] <- 0
data$mdd_a_1new[data$mdd_a_1new == 3] <- 1
attr(data$mdd_a_1new, "label") <- "endorses 1st set of stem questions"

data$mdd_a_2new <- count_values_12(c("mh120","mh121","mh122"))
data$mdd_a_2new[data$mdd_a_2new %in% c(1,2)] <- 0
data$mdd_a_2new[data$mdd_a_2new == 3] <- 1
data$mdd_a_2new[data$mdd_a_2new == 1 & data$mdd_a_1new == 1] <- 0
attr(data$mdd_a_2new, "label") <- "endorses 2nd set of stem questions"

data$mdd_symptom_count_new <- count_values_12(
  c("mh104","mh105","mh108","mh110","mh111","mh112","mh113")
)
data$mdd_symptom_count_new[
  data$mdd_symptom_count_new == 5 &
  !is.na(data$mh103) & data$mh103 == 98
] <- 0
attr(data$mdd_symptom_count_new, "label") <-
  "number of additional symptoms from first set"

# Count values 1 or 2 across mdd_a_2new plus the six source symptom items.
data$mdd_symptom_count_2new <- rowSums(cbind(
  data$mdd_a_2new %in% c(1,2),
  sapply(c("mh123","mh126","mh128","mh129","mh130","mh131"),
         function(v) data[[v]] %in% c(1,2))
), na.rm = TRUE)
attr(data$mdd_symptom_count_2new, "label") <-
  "number of additional symptoms from second set"

data$mdd_diagnosis1 <- as.numeric(
  data$mdd_a_1new != 0 & data$mdd_symptom_count_new >= 3
)
attr(data$mdd_diagnosis1, "label") <-
  "fulfills first set of criteria for diagnosis of MD episode"

data$mdd_diagnosis2 <- as.numeric(
  data$mdd_a_2new != 0 & data$mdd_symptom_count_2new >= 3
)
attr(data$mdd_diagnosis2, "label") <-
  "fulfills second set of criteria for diagnosis of MD episode"

data$MHcidi_depression <- as.numeric(
  data$mdd_diagnosis1 != 0 | data$mdd_diagnosis2 != 0
)

first_bad <-
  is.na(data$mh101) | data$mh101 == -1 | data$mh101 >= 98 |
  is.na(data$mh102) | data$mh102 >= 98 |
  is.na(data$mh103) | data$mh103 >= 98

second_bad <-
  is.na(data$mh120) | data$mh120 == -1 | data$mh120 >= 98 |
  is.na(data$mh121) | data$mh121 >= 98 |
  is.na(data$mh122) | data$mh122 >= 98

data$MHcidi_depression[first_bad & second_bad] <- NA_real_

attr(data$MHcidi_depression, "label") <-
  "Fulfills criteria for a major depressive episode in the last 12 months"
attr(data$MHcidi_depression, "labels") <- c("No" = 0, "Yes" = 1)
attr(data$MHcidi_depression, "note") <- paste(
  "Major depressive episode in the last 12 months.",
  "Individuals who answer DK/RF to early symptoms are routed past additional",
  "questions required to fulfill criteria and are subsequently coded as missing."
)

data[c(
  "mdd_a_1new","mdd_a_2new","mdd_symptom_count_new",
  "mdd_symptom_count_2new","mdd_diagnosis1","mdd_diagnosis2"
)] <- NULL

Download R file

COUNT mdd_a_1new = mh101 mh102 mh103 (1,2).
RECODE mdd_a_1new (1 THRU 2=0) (3=1).
VARIABLE LABELS mdd_a_1new "endorses 1st set of stem questions".

COUNT mdd_a_2new = mh120 mh121 mh122 (1,2).
RECODE mdd_a_2new (1 THRU 2=0) (3=1).
IF (mdd_a_1new = 1 AND mdd_a_2new = 1) mdd_a_2new = 0.
VARIABLE LABELS mdd_a_2new "endorses 2nd set of stem questions".

COUNT mdd_symptom_count_new =
  mh104 mh105 mh108 mh110 mh111 mh112 mh113 (1,2).
IF (mdd_symptom_count_new = 5 AND mh103 = 98)
  mdd_symptom_count_new = 0.
VARIABLE LABELS mdd_symptom_count_new
  "number of additional symptoms from first set".

COUNT mdd_symptom_count_2new =
  mdd_a_2new mh123 mh126 mh128 mh129 mh130 mh131 (1,2).
VARIABLE LABELS mdd_symptom_count_2new
  "number of additional symptoms from second set".

COMPUTE mdd_diagnosis1 = mdd_a_1new AND mdd_symptom_count_new >= 3.
VARIABLE LABELS mdd_diagnosis1
  "fulfills first set of criteria for diagnosis of MD episode".

COMPUTE mdd_diagnosis2 = mdd_a_2new AND mdd_symptom_count_2new >= 3.
VARIABLE LABELS mdd_diagnosis2
  "fulfills second set of criteria for diagnosis of MD episode".

COMPUTE MHcidi_depression = mdd_diagnosis1 OR mdd_diagnosis2.

IF (
  (MISSING(mh101) OR mh101 = -1 OR mh101 >= 98 OR
   MISSING(mh102) OR mh102 >= 98 OR
   MISSING(mh103) OR mh103 >= 98)
  AND
  (MISSING(mh120) OR mh120 = -1 OR mh120 >= 98 OR
   MISSING(mh121) OR mh121 >= 98 OR
   MISSING(mh122) OR mh122 >= 98)
) MHcidi_depression = $SYSMIS.

VARIABLE LABELS MHcidi_depression
  "Fulfills criteria for a major depressive episode in the last 12 months".
VALUE LABELS MHcidi_depression 0 "No" 1 "Yes".

DELETE VARIABLES
  mdd_a_1new mdd_a_2new mdd_symptom_count_new
  mdd_symptom_count_2new mdd_diagnosis1 mdd_diagnosis2.

* Notes from the Stata source:
* Major depressive episode in the last 12 months.
* Individuals who answer DK/RF to early symptoms are routed past additional
* questions required to fulfill criteria and are subsequently coded as missing.

EXECUTE.

Download SPSS .sps file